M/LSTM-GRU Hybrid Model for Solar Radiation Estimation

Solar energy is acknowledged as an environmentally friendly and clean renewable energy source, making it a crucial research topic. Estimation of the future radiation levels before and during the use of this source is vital for proper planning and operation of a photovoltaic (PV) system. In this study, a solar energy forecasting method was developed, utilizing both Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Units models. The performance of the developed method was tested using various metrics on real-time, multivariate solar radiation data from a specific region in Turkey. Examining the results reveals lower RMSE, MSE, MAE performance values and higher $R^2$ values compared to many similar studies in the literature. This indicates the success of the proposed model, positioning it as a viable alternative.