Stem Cells and Optic Nerve Injury Repair

Nerve injuries are a prevalent category of neurological disorders with diverse etiologies. Despite timely medical intervention, full functional recovery remains elusive due to the inherently limited regenerative capacity of neural cells. Traditional treatments often fall short in promoting true nerve regeneration. Stem cells, characterized by their multipotent differentiation potential, offer a novel approach by providing the possibility of replacing damaged neural cells. This paper reviews the current challenges in nerve injury treatment and discusses the advantages and limitations of stem cell therapy, with a focus on the optic and spinal nerves. Particular attention is given to different types of stem cells, their mechanisms of action, and potential clinical applications.