Food Insecurity Status and Its Associated Factors Among Residents of the City of Fasa (Southwest Iran), 2022

Background & Objectives: Due to the potential adverse effects of unbalanced food consumption on physical, social, and mental health, the careful monitoring and assessment of food insecurity and hunger is of critical importance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors among the residents of the city of Fasa in southwest Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted during the second half of 2022 and included 715 households (comprising 2,867 individuals from an approximate population of 110,000 in Fasa). A cluster sampling method was employed to select participants. Data on food insecurity were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity in this study was 42%. Moreover, food insecurity was found to be significantly associated with female-headed households, households headed by individuals with substance addiction, larger household size, and lower income levels. In contrast, no significant relationship was observed between food insecurity and smoking habits (cigarettes or hookah), educational background, or the employment status of either parent. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that nearly half of the surveyed households experienced some degree of food insecurity, highlighting a significant public health concern in this region. Policymakers, along with health and development organizations, may utilize these results to develop targeted strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse impacts of food insecurity.