Evaluating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines during a period of Omicron variant predominance among Bangladeshi population: A test-negative design measurement

The study was conducted to estimate the protective effectiveness (PE) of complete primary or booster dose regimens of COVID-19 vaccines deployed in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in four hospitals in Dhaka between December 30, 2021, and August 31, 2022 following a test-negative design. Patients aged ≥18 years attended with COVID-like symptoms were enrolled and tested for RT-PCR. Test-negative controls were matched to confirmed cases at a 1:1 ratio considering site, date, and age groups. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the PE considering the association between receipt of complete primary with or without a booster regimen and development of COVID-19 disease symptoms. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out to confirm the variants. RT-PCR positive 847 cases were matched to 847 controls. WGS of strains revealed 6% to be the Delta variant and 94% was Omicron variant. The PE conferred by receipt of complete primary regimen with or without booster dose of any vaccine revealed no significant protection (15%, 95% CI: -11 to 36, <i>p</i> = .23) against any COVID-19 disease or severe disease (14%, 95%CI: -23 to 39, <i>p</i> = .42). However, there was a protective association between receipt of complete primary regimen with or without booster dose of one mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) against any COVID-19 disease (88% (95% CI: 26 to 98, <i>p</i> = .023)) for the first 90 days. The analysis suggested little vaccine effectiveness during Omicron surge, with the possible exception of one mRNA-vaccine 90 days after dosing.

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Journal
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Published
2025-06-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2518644
Primary Topic
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Evaluating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines during a period of Omicron variant predominance among Bangladeshi population: A test-negative design measurement

J. D. Clemens, Faisal Ahmmed, Ahmed Nawsher Alam, Tahmina Shirin et al.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
article

Evaluating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines during a period of Omicron variant predominance among Bangladeshi population: A test-negative design measurement

J. D. Clemens, Faisal Ahmmed, Ahmed Nawsher Alam, Tahmina Shirin, Mohammad Tanbir Habib, Firdausi Qadri, Shah Ali Akbar Ashrafi, Ahmed Abu Saleh, Omar Hamza Bin Manjur, SM Shamsuzzaman, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Asif Rashed, Mallick Masum Billah, Md Taufiqul Islam, Farhana Khanam, Mostafà Aziz Sumon, Mokibul Hassan Afrad, Shahinur Haque, Monalisa Monalisa, Md Ismail Hossen, Md Nazmul Hasan Rajib, Prasanta Kumar Biswas
article en

Abstract

The study was conducted to estimate the protective effectiveness (PE) of complete primary or booster dose regimens of COVID-19 vaccines deployed in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in four hospitals in Dhaka between December 30, 2021, and August 31, 2022 following a test-negative design. Patients aged ≥18 years attended with COVID-like symptoms were enrolled and tested for RT-PCR. Test-negative controls were matched to confirmed cases at a 1:1 ratio considering site, date, and age groups. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the PE considering the association between receipt of complete primary with or without a booster regimen and development of COVID-19 disease symptoms. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out to confirm the variants. RT-PCR positive 847 cases were matched to 847 controls. WGS of strains revealed 6% to be the Delta variant and 94% was Omicron variant. The PE conferred by receipt of complete primary regimen with or without booster dose of any vaccine revealed no significant protection (15%, 95% CI: -11 to 36, <i>p</i> = .23) against any COVID-19 disease or severe disease (14%, 95%CI: -23 to 39, <i>p</i> = .42). However, there was a protective association between receipt of complete primary regimen with or without booster dose of one mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) against any COVID-19 disease (88% (95% CI: 26 to 98, <i>p</i> = .023)) for the first 90 days. The analysis suggested little vaccine effectiveness during Omicron surge, with the possible exception of one mRNA-vaccine 90 days after dosing.

Human Vaccines & ImmunotherapeuticsVol. 21(1)
International Vaccine Institute (KR), Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BD), Bangladesh Medical University (BD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (BD), Comilla Medical College (BD), Development Initiatives (GB), Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (BD), Directorate General of Health Services (BD), Mugda Medical College, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (BD), Fielding Graduate University (US), Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (BD)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Zero hunger
Openalex Percentile: Top 81%
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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