Phytochemical Profiling and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds Extracted via Column Chromatography from Selected Euphorbiaceae Species

Euphorbiaceae species have been historically recognized for their therapeutic potential, primarily due to the presence of diverse bioactive compounds. This study investigates the extraction, separation, and antimicrobial evaluation of such compounds from selected Euphorbiaceae plants. Using methanolic extraction followed by silica gel-based column chromatography, fractions were obtained and subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assays. The antimicrobial activity was tested against various pathogenic microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenols. Bioactive fractions demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, particularly those rich in flavonoids and terpenoids. This study suggests that compounds isolated from Euphorbiaceae hold promising antimicrobial potential, especially in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Further characterization using UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy validated the presence of functional groups indicative of potent phytochemicals. The findings provide a scientific basis for the use of Euphorbiaceae-derived compounds in alternative antimicrobial therapies