Assessment and classification of technological innovations: structuring and integration aspects for management

Introduction. This article explores key scientific and practical approaches to defining and assessing technological innovations within the context of contemporary economic, legal, and business processes. It highlights that the lack of a standardized classification system hinders effective interaction among stakeholders and complicates decision-making regarding technology implementation. Objective. The study aims to develop a comprehensive classification of technological innovations that integrates research, legal, and entrepreneurial aspects while simplifying the management of high-tech projects. Methodology. The research employs an interdisciplinary approach, including a systematic literature review, content analysis of official documents, and a comparative analysis of patent information. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods enabled the identification of discrepancies in scientific, legal, and business criteria for evaluating innovations and the proposal of a unified classification model. Results. The proposed unified classification describes a three-dimensional evaluation matrix for technological innovations, encompassing the level of scientific and technical novelty, legal protection mechanisms, and the business potential of a project. Applying this matrix facilitates interaction among researchers, legal experts, and entrepreneurs at all stages of the innovation cycle—from idea development and patenting to commercialization and scaling. This, in turn, enhances transparency in decision-making, optimizes intellectual property protection processes, and increases the investment attractiveness of high-tech projects.