Smart Cities: are they really accessible and truly smart?

Population growth associated with urbanization without adequate planning causes several social and infrastructure problems in cities. In contrast, the desire to become “smart” has increasingly become the focus among municipalities, which adopt new technologies often without an in-depth analysis of the consequences and without adequately considering the impact on individuals. In this context, this article addresses accessibility in smart cities, focusing on the integration of ergonomics and urban design. The main objective is to map and analyze, based on the basic principles of ergonomics of the built environment in conjunction with NBR ISO 37120 (ABNT, 2017), with regard to aspects of urban accessibility, whether accessibility indicators are present as established by these guidelines in the city of Curitiba-PR, in order to demonstrate whether there is effective accessibility in the pioneering “smart city” in Brazil and to identify areas of good practices, to assist other cities in this transition, prioritizing accessibility for all citizens, especially for people with disabilities and low mobility, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The methodology used combines exploratory and descriptive research, based on a literature review and applied qualitative analysis. The SWOT method helped in the discussion of the data obtained and revealed important strengths in Curitiba-PR, such as its well-structured public transportation system, with adapted buses and accessible terminals, in addition to public policies focused on inclusion, such as the “Accessible Curitiba” program. The city also stands out for its adapted urban infrastructure, which contributes positively to mobility and quality of life. However, the study identified significant weaknesses, such as the inequality in the distribution of accessible infrastructure, especially in peripheral areas, and the lack of adequacy in many private spaces, such as commercial and leisure establishments. Opportunities include expanding the system and using assistive technologies. In addition, the city can expand its accessible cultural and leisure infrastructure, promoting social inclusion. Inclusive public policies can also be strengthened, addressing issues such as employability, education, and health for people with disabilities. On the other hand, the study highlighted threats that can hinder the advancement of accessibility, such as: resistance to cultural and organizational change and economic challenges that can compromise investments in accessible infrastructure. These limitations are especially critical given the need to prioritize projects that promote universal accessibility. The results indicate that the combination of the fundamental principles of ergonomics of the built environment and NBR ISO 37120 (ABNT 2017) are effective tools for assessing and identifying accessibility gaps in smart cities. Its application can guide public policies and investments, promoting the continuous improvement of urban infrastructure and ensuring that cities like Curitiba-PR adapt and advance towards universal and truly smart accessibility. The study concludes that, although Curitiba already demonstrates exemplary practices, there is still room for significant improvements, especially in studies to enable a balance between central and peripheral areas. However, it is already possible to map good practices in six areas, which serve as indicators, based on the EAC and NBR principles present in Curitiba, which demonstrate that it is aligned with accessibility and seeks to be “smart” for all.