Evaluation of the Location and Accessibility of Parking Lots using GIS-Based Analyses

This study investigates the spatial distribution and accessibility of parking facilities in İzmir, Türkiye, with a focus on their integration with public transportation systems. The analysis examines three types of parking facilities: on-street parking, off-street outdoor parking, and off-street indoor parking (parking garages). Using GIS-based methods, service areas were delineated for each parking type based on 400m and 800m walking thresholds, evaluating their proximity to public transportation stations, including rail transit stations, transfer hubs, and ferry ports. The results indicate that on-street parking is concentrated in high-density commercial areas, while off-street indoor parking is primarily located near major urban attractions. However, access to public transportation stations is limited, especially for off-street indoor parking facilities. In contrast, off-street outdoor parking facilities, although high in capacity, face challenges with public transport accessibility, particularly in the southern parts of the city. Strategic parking placement in areas such as Karşıyaka, close to rail stations and ferry terminals, illustrates a more effective multimodal transport integration. The study emphasizes the need for improved parking management and a more balanced distribution of parking infrastructure across the city to enhance accessibility to public transportation and promote sustainable urban mobility.