Exploring User Preferences for Health-Focused Digital Nudges: Insights from a Preliminary Study

This study explores the effectiveness of digital nudges in driving health-related behavioral change through mobile applications. Grounded in Nudge Theory and the Fogg Behavior Model (FBM), three interactive prototypes were developed to target hydration, posture, and mindfulness behaviors. A total of 88 participants (aged 25–35) tested these prototypes. The results indicate that Signal and Spark Triggers were significantly more effective than Facilitator Triggers in fostering user engagement and promoting behavior change. The study found that 65.91% of participants actively use applications for habit formation, while 93.94% confirmed the clarity and comprehensibility of the tested messages. Design elements such as message tone, graphic components, and color schemes were identified as key factors in capturing user attention, with a strong preference for personalized, visually supported messages framed with factual information. Findings suggest that for simple health-related tasks where ability and motivation are moderate, gentle reminders and positive reinforcement are the most effective nudging strategies. These insights reinforce the integration of FBM principles with Nudge Theory from behavioral economics. The study provides valuable strategies for designing more effective digital health interventions while preserving user autonomy and engagement. These findings offer actionable guidance for designers and policymakers in creating user-centered health applications that promote sustainable behavior change.