Online learning space environment in colleges and universities based on learning effectiveness

With the expansion of online teaching demands and the gradual maturity of remote conferencing software, online teaching models have rapidly developed after the pandemic, becoming one of the mainstream learning methods for university students. The shift to online learning has transformed educational practices and methodologies, necessitating a reevaluation of how educational spaces are designed and utilized. In recent years, research on the influencing factors of online learning behaviors has gained significant attention, and studies in this area have been increasingly prevalent.The physical environment is one of the critical factors affecting behavior; the material elements of space significantly influence human behavior patterns. This influence extends to learning environments, where aspects such as lighting, acoustics, and spatial layout play a vital role in shaping students’ learning experiences. Therefore, studying online learning spaces is essential for understanding the factors that influence the effectiveness of online education.Unlike traditional teaching methods, the structure of learning time allocation and the nature of learning behaviors in online learning have undergone significant changes. Traditional learning spaces, designed for face-to-face interaction and physical presence, are often ill-equipped to meet the diverse online learning needs of university students. Factors such as flexibility, accessibility, and technological integration become paramount in creating effective online learning environments. As a result, investigating university students' online learning space requirements is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of their online learning experiences.This paper explores the impact of architectural space factors on university students' online learning behaviors from a human factors research perspective. It investigates how various environmental factors—such as thermal environment, air quality, and furniture and equipment—affect the online learning effectiveness of college students. For instance, a comfortable thermal environment can enhance concentration and reduce fatigue, while poor air quality can lead to decreased cognitive function and engagement. Additionally, the arrangement and quality of furniture and equipment can significantly influence students' ability to interact with digital learning tools and participate in online discussions.To gather relevant data, this study developed a survey questionnaire on satisfaction with online learning spaces in universities, based on interviews and established space satisfaction scales. The questionnaire aims to assess students' perceptions of their online learning environments and identify areas for improvement. By employing empirical analysis methods, the study verifies the reliability of the questionnaire, exploring the differential impacts of spatial factors on learning effectiveness.The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights into the specific needs and preferences of university students regarding online learning environments. By understanding these factors, educational institutions can better design and optimize their online learning spaces to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.Finally, this paper interprets the demands of online learning environments by combining offline space surveys and empirical analysis results. Based on the existing spatial conditions, it proposes targeted optimization strategies for online spaces aimed at enhancing learning effectiveness. These strategies may include recommendations for improving air quality, enhancing ergonomic furniture design, and ensuring adequate technological support. By addressing these critical aspects, educational institutions can create more effective and supportive online learning environments, ultimately leading to improved student performance and satisfaction.