Optimizing E-train Ticket Interface Layout Using HTA and Link Analysis

Nowadays, people can purchase train tickets online anytime and anywhere, making it easier and more convenient to travel by train. Consequently, e-train tickets have gradually replaced traditional paper tickets. While e-train tickets retain the essential information found on paper tickets (such as train number, departure location, destination, and seat information), they also incorporate new features like QR code verification, ticket rescheduling, and refunds. However, the increased functionality has made the interface more complex, and the dense information on e-train tickets can make it difficult for passengers to extract relevant details during their journey. To address this issue, this study was conducted to identify human factors problems associated with the e-train ticket and optimize its layout and interface elements to enhance its usability. Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and Link Analysis were employed in this research. First, a detailed and systematic assessment of the interactions between passengers and e-ticket were described by the hierarchical diagram. Next, the “links” between interface elements and operations were represented and the weight of any possible link between the elements of the e-ticket was calculated as a composite index of its frequency and importance. Based on these findings, an optimized interface layout was proposed, focusing on minimizing the distance between linked interface elements. Usability testing results indicated that the optimized interface significantly enhanced effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of the passengers when they interact with the redesigned e-ticket.