Triggers and Consequences: A Multidimensional Analysis of the Rebound Effect in Sustainable Design

With advancements in technology and societal development, improvements in energy efficiency have heightened expectations for environmentally friendly sustainable products and services. However, sustainable design, despite its intention to reduce environmental burdens, often generates unintended negative consequences due to the rebound effect. Addressing the rebound effect within sustainable design is therefore critical to ensuring true sustainability. This study systematically investigates the factors within sustainable design that contribute to the rebound effect, starting from the three dimensions of sustainable design: economic society and environment and focusing on the interplay between resource and energy efficiency, user behaviour, and overall consumption dynamics. The findings reveal that designers' decisions, often driven by technological optimization and user-centric goals, can unintentionally amplify resource consumption. Similarly, design processes lacking systemic foresight may overlook sociocultural impacts, while design outcomes, may encourage higher usage frequencies due to cost reductions. To mitigate these challenges, the study proposes a set of multidisciplinary strategies aimed at fostering a more holistic approach to sustainable design. Ultimately, it offers a robust framework for achieving economic, social, and environmental goals, ensuring that sustainable design truly fulfills its promise of creating a better future for all.