Flexible Human-Machine Collaboration: The Concept and Case Study of Lunar Surface Exploration Task

This paper focused on flexible human-machine collaboration in complex systems, which aims to explore all feasible or desired function allocation and collaboration solutions in the design. A three-level framework, including labour division, mutual assistance, and joint performance, is proposed to help flexible human-machine collaboration analysis. Then this study illustrates the above concept and idea with a lunar surface sampling case study, including task decomposition, analysis of human and machine capabilities for each functional unit, and determining collaboration solutions and their applicable situations. These solutions enable dynamic function allocation, enhancing system adaptability and inspiring future human-machine system designs for lunar exploration.