Financing strategies for the sustainable development of enterprises under global challenges: Ukraine’s experience and international practices

The subject of this research is the process of developing financing strategies for the harmonious development of enterprises in the context of multifaceted challenges, including the full-scale war in Ukraine, global economic instability, and the transformation of financial markets. The aim of the article is to identify key trends, mechanisms, and risks associated with strategic financing of sustainable business development by generalizing domestic and international experience. The methodological framework is based on a systems approach, structural-functional analysis, comparative analysis tools, and the processing of statistical data and analytical reports from leading international organizations. The study highlights dominant sources and models of sustainable development financing, such as green bonds, crowdfunding, concessional lending, impact investing, and donor support. It evaluates the effectiveness of ESG approaches and digital solutions in ensuring transparency and adaptability of financial strategies. A critical analysis of current sustainability financing practices across various countries is conducted, along with an assessment of their potential adaptation to the Ukrainian context. Special attention is given to the impact of wartime conditions on the financial resilience of enterprises and the transformation of financing models. The role of international technical assistance, private capital engagement, and the development of public-private partnerships is emphasized as crucial factors in building effective financial strategies during crises. The practical value of the findings lies in their applicability to strategic enterprise management, the development of financial policies for sustainable development, and the preparation of evidence-based decisions to enhance business resilience in unstable environments. The study's conclusions confirm the necessity of developing adaptive financing strategies that consider emerging challenges, strengthen partnerships, and increase the role of ESG factors and digital sustainability indicators.