Demographic Disparities in Bhutan’s Integrity Landscape: Unpacking Age-Driven Corruption Experiences

This paper investigates the relationship between age and experiences of corruption in Bhutan, revealing a significant negative correlation. Data from the 2022 National Integrity Assessment indicates that younger individuals are more likely to encounter or report corrupt practices, supported by a regression coefficient of = -0.447 (=−0.372, p < .001) and a Pearson’s correlation of r = -0.372 (p < .001). The findings suggest that older individuals typically exhibit stronger ethical standards and moral reasoning, contributing to a decreased likelihood of experiencing corruption. Theoretical frameworks, including Life Course Theory, Generational Theory, and Social Learning Theory, enhance our understanding of how demographic characteristics shape perceptions and experiences of corruption. Additionally, contextual factors such as socioeconomic status and cultural influences are identified as critical to the dynamics of corruption in Bhutan. The implications underscore the necessity for targeted anti-corruption strategies that address the specific vulnerabilities of different age groups. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of Bhutan’s integrity landscape, advocating for inclusive approaches to foster ethical behavior across generations.