Gender Perspectives and Live-in Relationships : Challenges Faced by Women, Men, and Third-Gender Partners

This research paper explores the complex issues of live-in relationships in India, with special attention given to issues experienced by men, women, and third-gender individuals. The study covers the social-legal scenario on live-in relationships, their status of recognition according to Indian law, and altering judicial interpretations upholding the rights of individuals under live-in relationships. Even though live-in relationships have gotten some legal recognition through judicial verdicts, especially under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, there remain loopholes in the law, particularly on gender equity, same-sex relations, and rights of the third-gender. The paper gives a critical analysis of the problems of these individuals, such as social stigma, lack of legal protection, and denial of inheritance and maintenance rights. Through a critical analysis of case laws, the study places the role of the judiciary in identifying such relationships into perspective, while critiquing the inconsistency and moral overtones of judicial decisions. The article concludes on a list of policy suggestions that aim towards legislative reform, including the acknowledgement of live-in relationships through an overhaul law, changes in family laws, and stronger protection under the PWDVA. Legal reforms must be implemented in order to give equal rights to all, irrespective of the gender or sexual orientation, and create legal certainty for non-traditional family forms in a fast-changing society.