Write Precisely

In research writing, precision helps meet word count restrictions and save readers’ time. To achieve precision, avoid filler words (e.g., basis ), expletive constructions (e.g., sentences starting with it is ), and nominalizations (e.g., made the decision ). Limit the use of the, that , adverbs, and adjectives. Use shorter words (e.g., use for utilize) , affirmative constructions (e.g., absent for not present) , specific verbs, and hyphenated words. Replace phrases with words (e.g., has the ability to with can ). To prevent redundancy, use abbreviations, avoid paired synonyms (e.g., close proximity ), and delete redundant words from phrases (e.g., final outcome ). To shorten sentences, limit prepositional phrases and use active voice, parallel and elliptical constructions, and parallel lists. Hedging (e.g., probably ) and transitions (e.g., however ) help clarity – do not avoid them to save word count. Implementing all these is easier during revision. Omitting articles and unnecessary details of settings helps create concise titles. In the manuscript’s introduction section, cite only major references, use a synthetic style, and explain uncommon terms only. In methods, use visuals and concise group names and avoid duplication of information in inclusion and exclusion criteria. In results, present complex numerical data in tables. Do not repeat within the text information shared in tables or figures. For most data, two decimal points suffice (except for P < 0.01). In discussion, do not repeat the exact numbers and statistical information from the results. Online-only supplementary files help reduce word count. AI tools can furnish concise alternatives to text but can introduce errors. Peer feedback can be beneficial.