Bioactivity of the amikacin: Selenium nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan (AK: CS-SeNPs) on <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> biofilm

Biofilm-associated diseases have become a challenging issue for the healthcare system due to the aggregation of bacteria within the biofilm, which exhibits increased resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics at standard or elevated concentrations. Consequently, adopting Chitosan-stabilized selenium nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) is an efficient way to regulate biofilm creation. Multiple analyses were applied to characterize CS-SeNPs, including ultraviolet-visible absorption, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Zeta potential analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering analysis, Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive x-ray. The antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of CS-SeNPs, AK: Cs-SeNPs, and amikacin (AK) were tested using 96-microtiter plates. The resulting data have revealed that CS-SeNPs at a wavelength of 244 nm were stabilized and rounded in shape with an average size of 68±23nm. The minimum inhibitory doses of AK and CS-SeNPs required to prevent the growth of P. mirabilis were 1000±398 and 50±0 µg/mL, respectively. The combination of AK:CS-SeNPs inhibited P. mirabilis strains at MIC of 160±0:12.5±0 µg/mL, which is lower than the MIC of AK and CS-SeNPs applied alone. The lowest concentrations of AK:CS-SeNPs, ranging between 66±23:5±1 μg /mL and 93±23:8±3 μg /Ml, successfully impeded the initial creation of P.mirabilis biofilm .The results demonstrate that The conjugation of AK:CS-SeNPs improves the amikacin's bactericidal efficiency, significantly hinders biofilm's initial development and reduces the viability of established biofilm created by multidrug-resistant P.mirabilis. This therapeutic approach has the potential to serve as a promising strategy for addressing Biofilm-associated diseases caused by resistant strains of P.mirabilis, conferring confidence in the battle against persistent infections.