Comparative evaluation of growth and reproductive performance of <i>Eisenia fetida</i> in various agro-industrial wastes blended with horse manure in Ethiopia

Understanding how different substrates impact the reproductive and growth potential of vermicomposting worms is essential for optimizing their application in waste management across diverse sources and promoting sustainable agriculture. The present study assessed the growth and reproductive performance of Eisenia fetida, a key vermicomposting species, across three agro-industrial wastes: brewery malt sludge (W1), potato chip factory waste (W2), and avocado oil factory sludge (W3), mixed with horse manure at a 3:1 ratio. Parameters such as growth, sexual maturation, cocoon production rate, incubation period, and hatching success were evaluated. Results showed cocoon production rates of 0.43 ± 1.22 per worm per day in W1, 0.40 ± 1.44 in W2, and 0.27 ± 1.62 in W3. The highest hatchling count per cocoon (3.16 ± 0.54) and maximum weight gain (0.65 ± 0.98 grams) were observed in W1. Waste from W1 and W2 were found to be highly effective substrates for the growth and reproductive performance of Eisenia fetida. In contrast, waste from W3 an avocado oil factory showed comparatively lower performance. No mortality was observed, indicating that these agro-industries could effectively manage their waste through vermicomposting by utilizing appropriate worm species, such as E. fetida.