How can the new technologies of augmented reality, mixed reality, and virtual reality support people with neurodevelopmental disorders in the workplace?

Background Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) face challenges in employment. Emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR) offer innovative, immersive training environments, enhancing skills, and media literacy while providing cost-effective, engaging solutions. Objective The review investigates how AR, MR, and VR technologies can support individuals with NDDs in workplace and training. Methods A systematic review of studies across 6 databases was conducted. Selection criteria focused on studies published after 2016, involving immersive AR/MR/VR technologies, targeting NDDs in workplace contexts. Data extraction utilized qualitative content analysis. Results The analysis of 10 studies showed that AR and VR improved work performance and motivation in most cases, with features like assistive prompts and simplified interfaces aiding usability. No studies involving MR were identified. Key barriers included sensory overload and difficulties interacting with AR-/VR-elements, but these were not universal. AR was noted for workplace integration, and VR was linked to fewer reported complications compared to AR. A lack of standardized research frameworks and focus on mainstream labour markets was identified. Conclusions AR and VR are promising tools for vocational training but require better accessibility, adaptability, and inclusion in broader labour market contexts to maximize their impact.