Organization of the territory of field crop rotations saturated with cereal crops and economics of the use of agrochemicals in spelt cultivation

This paper presents the main stages of organizing the territory of field crop rotations taking into account the principles of the agro-landscape approach based on the developed analytical module for the existing database. For the 1st agro-production group of lands (highly fertile, upland lands), an adaptive grain-fallow-row crop rotation is proposed: occupied fallow - winter wheat - spring rape - spelt - barley - corn for silage - peas - winter rye - spring wheat with an average yield from 1 hectare of crop rotation area of 3.5 thousand grain units/ha. Production studies on emmer wheat (spelt) crops were conducted in 2020-2023 in Sabinskiy municipal district in the soil and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. Grey forest soil pHKCI was close to neutral - 6.2, humus content according to Tyurin - 3.4%. The total area of the experimental plots was 0.5 hectares, the experiments were carried out with three replicates with a systematic placement of options. To compare the experimental options, the least significant difference method was used. Experimental design: Factor A - calculated fertilizer backgrounds: I. Control (without fertilizers); II. N59P30K48 to obtain 2.5 t/ha of grain; III. N71P36K58 - to obtain 3.0 t/ha of grain. Factor B - pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biopreparations: I. Dospekh 3 - 0.5 l/t of seeds (control without treatment); II. Azotovit - 1 l/t of seeds; III. Rizoagrin - 1 l/t of seeds; IV. Biostim Start - 1 l/t of seeds. The maximum profitability of 42.4% was obtained in the variant of using the biopreparation Biostim Start at a dose of 1 l/t of seeds together with the use of mineral fertilizers with the expectation of obtaining 3.0 t/ha of grain against 21.9% in the control.