The evaluation of efficiency of the impact of vitamin D and remineralizing toothpaste on the structure of the dental enamel in the individuals with homozygous polymorphism in the gene, encoding the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR)

BACKGROUND: Only a few literature sources data show the relation of the VDR gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to developing dental caries. Within this context, investigating the structure of the dental enamel and the changes of its resistance under the effects of vitamin D and remineralizing therapy among the persons with the homozygous polymorphism of the VDR gene (А/A) is topical. AIM: to investigate the effects of vitamin D and the toothpaste with remineralizing contents on the structure of the enamel surface of the impacted teeth extracted from the individuals with homozygous polymorphism of the VDR gene. METHODS: In 2023–2025, within the premises of the Dentistry Department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Continuing Professional Education “Central State Medical Academy”, a total of 200 students aged 22–25 years were screened with undergoing a genetic testing to reveal the polymorphism of the VDR gene. Out of the 36 assessed subjects, 18 individuals were detected with the homozygous А/А allele that are currently undergoing orthodontic therapy and requiring an extraction of the impacted molars. A total 24 of extracted teeth were tested with submerging them into the artificial saliva with an addition of various media. The dental samples were distributed into four groups: only artificial saliva (I, control); 1000 IU of cholecalciferol per 100 ml (II); processing with remineralizing toothpaste (III); vitamin D and remineralizing toothpaste (IV). The evaluation of the structure of the dental enamel was carried out using the method of confocal profilometry with measuring the Ra and Rp roughness parameters. RESULTS: In group II with the presence of cholecalciferol, changes were revealed in the roughness parameters (Ra, Rр) of dental enamel surface, in group III (processing with remineralizing toothpaste) the Ra and Rр parameters had similar digital values. As for the samples from the group IV, comparing to the group I, smoothness was revealed in the dental enamel surface, which is confirmed by the Rа and Rр (p 0.001) parameters. This effect can be explained by the synergic action of the cholecalciferol and the remineralizing components of the toothpaste on the structure of the enamel. CONCLUSION: In the individuals with homozygous polymorphism (А/А) of the VDR gene, significant changes were revealed in the parameters of dental enamel roughness (Ra and Rр) after the combined use of cholecalciferol and remineralizing toothpaste, which is related to the smoothening of surface due to the formation of the homogeneous layer consisting of the microRepair microcrystals.