MaaS adoption intention among car commuters and Park&Ride users in suburban areas of Madrid Region

This paper investigates the motivations behind travel app adoption intention among regular car drivers from suburban areas of Madrid Region, focusing on two groups of commuters: daily Park&Ride users (combining car with public transport) and car-only users who drive for the whole length of their trip (231 respondents in each group). Propensity score matching was employed to ensure groups’ comparability in terms of socioeconomic characteristics, while ordinal logit models were used to detect key drivers of adoption intention. Adoption intention was high in both groups (though stronger among P&R users) and determined by gain motives (reductions in travel cost, reliable travel time estimations). Also, it increased among respondents making longer trips. For P&R users key determinants were being female and technophilia. These findings highlight the need for reliable multimodal travel planners and advocate for a wider perspective on transport policies that can mutually reinforce each other, like Mobility-as-a-Service and P&R.