Heraion and some features of the cult of Hera on Samos

This paper is devoted to the study of the Temple of Hera on the island of Samos, which is one of the most important monuments of ancient architecture. The article examines the stages of construction and reconstruction of the temple, starting from the 8th century BC. The architectural features of each stage are covered in detail, as well as the problems that arose during the construction process, such as soil overload and the need for partial reconstruction. The structure of the temple complex, including various cult and utility buildings located around the main temple, is also considered. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Sacred Way connecting the city of Samos with the temple complex, and the impact of landscape changes on the accessibility of the sanctuary. Special attention is paid to rituals and artifacts associated with the cult of Hera. Remains of sacrificial animals, fruits and seeds, as well as unique ceramics associated with the cult of Hera, have been discovered. Some other features of religious life on the island of Samos are also considered, such as the connection of the lygos tree with the goddess Hera, considered the patroness of the island. Particular attention is paid to the symbols of fertility, which played a significant role in the cult of Hera.