Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Maranhão State, Brazil

Aims: The present study aims to observe the epidemiological factors that lead to the high occurrence of Leishmaniasis cases in Brazil, highlighting the endemic area of Maranhão, the main factors involved in its transmission, the challenges for controlling the disease and the prospects for controlling this disease in the state. Study Design: This is an analytical-descriptive epidemiological study of an ecological nature. Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected from the SINAN/DATASUS database related to the Maranhão state health network, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. Methodology: The study analyzed data obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN/SUS) through TABNET/DATASUS. Variables such as sex, age group, and education level were assessed to determine their correlation with the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Maranhão. Ethical approval was not required due to the use of publicly available data. Results: A total of 6,406 cases were recorded during the study period, with the highest prevalence among adults aged 20 to 59 years, predominantly male, and individuals with incomplete elementary education. The year 2024 showed a significant reduction in reported cases compared to previous years. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Maranhão is influenced by sociodemographic factors, with higher prevalence among men and individuals with incomplete elementary education. The study reinforces the importance of preventive health education policies to curb the spread of the disease.