Epileptic seizures in mine-blast wounds

Annotation. Mine-blast injuries (MBI) are one of the most severe forms of traumatic brain injury that significantly increase the risk of developing post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). The study aims to analyse the mechanisms of PTE development in MBI and identify effective approaches to its diagnosis and treatment. The study used the methods of systematic analysis of scientific sources from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, conducted a comparative analysis of modern diagnostic methods and evaluated the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies. The key pathogenetic mechanisms of PTE have been identified: excitotoxicity, ion imbalance, neuroinflammation and pathological reorganisation of neural networks that contribute to the formation of epileptogenic foci. The influence of genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as changes in the levels of the neurotrophic factor BDNF, which contribute to the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain, has been revealed. It has been established that the diagnosis of PTE requires a comprehensive approach, including clinical examination, electroencephalography, neuroimaging and biomarker analysis. The treatment of PTE is based on the use of antiepileptic drugs, surgical methods (resection of the epileptogenic focus, neuromodulation) and non-pharmacological approaches, including cognitive behavioural therapy and neurorehabilitation. The psychosocial consequences of PTE, including depression, anxiety disorders and social isolation, highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to treatment and rehabilitation. The results of the study can be used to improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and therapy of PTE, especially in the context of military conflicts. Further research should be aimed at studying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in order to develop personalised therapies.