Meta-analysis of signs, symptoms, pathophysiology, clinical outcomes of cold injuries due to exposure to low temperatures in military personnel worldwide

Annotation. The winter period is associated with cold and the likelihood of cold injury. To establish the peculiarities of the course of cold injury in military personnel of different countries of the world depending on the influence of various factors: temperature, time, age, gender and to draw a relationship between them. To analyse the proposed classifications of cold injury and clinical cases. To study the peculiarities of providing first aid; to determine the algorithm for providing first aid that can be used among the military during a mission/combat task, training. After conducting a meta-analysis and systematic review of the scientific literature, we identified the following factors of cold injury: gender, age, environmental conditions, meteorological features, clothing, uniforms, duration of exposure to low temperatures, etc. The morphological, clinical and pathogenetic aspects of cold injury have been identified. The main factors of cold trauma in 43.8% of cases were meteorological factors (low ambient temperature, wind and precipitation (snow); 37.5% were environmental factors and the remaining 18.7% wаs cold metal. In the majority of cases, cold trauma was diagnosed in 87.5% of men and 12.5% of women, with an average age of 43.1. The peculiarities of providing first aid depending on the type of cold injury and the characteristics of traumatic factors have been established, which is extremely important in the current events.