Psychohygienic problems of prevention and correction of personality traits of HIV-infected people

Аnnotation. The HIV epidemic has led to the need to actively study the adaptive capabilities of HIV-infected individuals, as well as to find effective means of providing them with adequate medical, psychological and psycho-hygienic assistance, and ensuring appropriate social support. The aim of the study was to analyze the scientific and theoretical material on issues of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of HIV/AIDS, characteristics of the mental state of HIV-infected individuals and determine prospects for further study. A review of the scientific literature was conducted, articles in professional journals such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, a retrospective analysis of contemporary literature on the topic under study for the period 2013-2023. The diagnosis of HIV infection in the full sense should be considered an extremely profound challenge to the physical, mental and social capabilities of a person. Informing a patient about the presence of HIV infection is one of the main factors contributing to the formation of asthenic disorders, in fact, from the first day of establishing seropositivity, as a result of experiences that are of a pronounced psychotraumatic nature. The main goal of primary prevention of HIV infection should be considered to be the prevention of infection. Given this fact, it is necessary to emphasize that primary prevention is the most massive and non-specific, providing for the comprehensive use of pedagogical, psychological, psycho-hygienic and social measures, and its contingent is the general population of children, adolescents, youth, the population in general. Secondary prevention is aimed at identifying HIV-infected individuals and counseling them in order to change their usual lifestyle and behavior. That is why the main goal of secondary prevention is to change maladaptive and pseudo-adaptive models of risky behavior to a more adaptive model of healthy behavior. Tertiary prevention involves preventing the development of AIDS in HIV-infected individuals, improving their quality of life, maintaining health and social support, restoring the personality of an AIDS patient and its effective functioning in the social environment after appropriate treatment. Another extremely important area of tertiary prevention is reducing the harm from drug use among those individuals who are not yet ready to stop using them. Thus, all of the above indicates the need for in-depth study of the adaptive capabilities of HIV/AIDS patients at different stages of the infectious process and determines the urgent need to develop a complex of psychohygienic measures aimed at improving the psychoemotional state and quality of life of HIV-infected individuals.