Ways to broaden the awareness, consideration and adoption of new approach methodologies (NAMs)

New approach methodologies (NAMs) refer to any technology, methodology, or combination thereof used to inform on chemical hazard and risk, and support replacement, reduction, or refinement of animal use. While the development and application of NAMs has recently increased, their adoption in regulatory decisions is slow and awareness outside the community is low. The Consideration of Alternative Methods Working Group (CAMWG) within the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods focused on understanding how NAMs are considered by stakeholders and identifying ways to encourage adoption. A set of questions was developed to focus stakeholder discussions; CAMWG members met with stakeholder representatives to collect perspectives on how alternatives to traditional animal tests are considered when developing toxicology testing and research programs. Participants represented agrochemical, industrial chemical, consumer products, and pharmaceutical companies; academic researchers in toxicology; and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. All stakeholders currently use or consider NAMs—some more than others. Challenges to broader NAM adoption were identified and five common themes emerged as potential barriers: perception, regulatory acceptance, scientific and technical limitations, education, and financial considerations. Solutions to overcoming barriers were identified, such as tailored education, proactive collaboration and improved communication. Additional recommendations were ensuring fit-for-purpose use of NAMs, developing harmonized national and global acceptance criteria, identifying funding sources, increasing awareness about NAMs strengths and limitations, and a need for a more central repository for NAMs information. Here, we detail these discussions about NAMs use, barriers, and proposed solutions, to successfully expand awareness, consideration, and adoption.