The global prevalence of depression and its associated factors among caregivers of stroke survivors. Updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally. Caregivers of stroke survivors play a crucial role in the recovery process, yet they often experience high levels of depression. Understanding the global prevalence of depression among these caregivers and identifying associated factors is essential for developing effective support strategies. This study sought to assess the global pooled prevalence of depression and identify its associated factors among caregivers of stroke survivors. We conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases, including Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Psychiatry Online, and PubMed/MEDLINE, to identify relevant articles. Articles published from January 2004 up to January 10, 2024, that reported on the prevalence of depression among caregivers of stroke survivors were included. The data were extracted via Microsoft Excel, and statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 14. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were employed to identify potential causes of heterogeneity. A total of 27 articles involving 3799 caregivers were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression among caregivers of stroke survivors was found to be 43.87% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35.99–51.74). Subgroup analyses revealed significant variations according to geographical regions, assessment tools used, study design, and caregiver types. Factors associated with higher levels of depression included long duration of caregiving and being a caregiver of a male stroke patient. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis highlight a significant prevalence of depression among caregivers of stroke survivors globally. Factors associated with depression included a long duration of caregiving and being a caregiver of a male stroke patient. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions to support caregivers and address their mental health needs, thereby improving their well-being and the quality of care they provide.