HISTORICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PARADIGM OF ADJECTIVES OF THE SEMANTIC GROUP «TASTE» IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

The article presents and describes the paradigm of adjectives with the meaning of taste, functioning in the Russian language. The core of the historical-functional paradigm was formed by four basic adjectives – salty, sweet, bitter, sour. The purpose of the study was to identify and substantiate the dynamics of changes in the semantic structure of adjectives, taking into account the functional uniqueness of this group of words on the material of etymological, historical and explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. The work consisted of two stages. At the first stage, the proto-forms of dominant lexemes were studied and substantiated. At the second stage, the model of functionally conditioned semantic changes for lexemes with the meaning «taste» was reconstructed and described. The analysis of the functional adaptation of adjectives in the history of the Russian language revealed the dependence of the productivity and activity of changes on the conditions of the emergence of proto-bases. Three main directions of the semantic development of adjectives with the meaning of taste and their derivative lexemes were structured and considered. The first direction demonstrates the preservation of the semantics of perceptual sensations. The second direction is associated with the modification of the semantics of quantity, which entailed the consolidation of the semes of intensity and excess. The third direction is associated with the manifestation and transformation of the semantics of axiological and emotional assessment. The greatest motivational complication of the semantic structure of the adjective sladkiy is recorded.