Assessment and Management of Behavioural Problems in Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disorders (IDD) are at a higher risk for problem behaviours than their neurotypical peer group. The problem behaviours are associated with extended hospitalisation, institutionalisation, stigma, reduced quality of life and caregivers’ burden. Many clinical guidelines emphasise appropriate behavioural interventions as one of the main modalities of intervention. In this context, this paper presents a viewpoint on the methods, processes, scope and limitations of the behavioural intervention techniques used to manage challenging behaviours in children with IDD. This is a viewpoint presented with the support of literature on key concepts related to the functionality of problem behaviours and methods of assessment and intervention. The paper integrates both evidence-based and experiential accounts of the authors to highlight the scope and limitations of the behavioural intervention techniques. It is important to note that problem behaviours serve specific functions for individuals. Techniques and models of behavioural assessment and intervention may vary, but they all emphasise understanding the antecedents, consequences, moderators and mediators to identify the function and manage the problem behaviours. This paper presents the models of behavioural analysis, understanding the functions of the behaviour, general strategies of behaviour management, ethical issues and implications for support services. Behaviour techniques can be used stand-alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy as per the functional analysis of the behaviour.