Overview of the Role of Tyrosine Protein Kinases and Their Inhibitors in Cancer Disease

Tyrosine-protein Kinases are considered primary targets for drug development due to their amplification in several tumorigenesis and uncontrolled proliferation. Their function is to phosphorylate their substrates' tyrosine residues, which are inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), consequently blocking the intracellular signaling currents. Over the last two decades, the development process of TKIs has been successful in introducing various influential and well-tolerated one-target and multiple targets agents such as FGFR, MEK, MET, RET, VEGFR, NTRK, HER2, ROS1, ALK, EGFR. In this article, we summarize the valuable information about tyrosine kinases and their inhibitors to obtain the maximum possible benefit, to get a therapeutic substance with high efficiency and effectiveness, with few side effects, to achieve the maximum benefit for human society, and to gain the most extended possible period of survival for people with malignant tumors In conclusion, cancer patients' survival and quality of life have significantly improved through the discovery and continuous development of TKIs, transforming the treatment guidelines for various cancer diseases.