Evolution and Development of Public Spaces in Mueang Chiang Mai, Thailand

Chiang Mai is an old city with an important role as the center of the Lanna Kingdom. It has unique geographical and architectural features, especially the public space called “Khuang”, which serves as the center of politics, society, and culture. The changes in public spaces in Chiang Mai can be divided into major periods: 1884–1933, when the public spaces were mostly used for religious roles and community activities; 1933–1987, when the public spaces began to accommodate urban expansion, in addition to economic and social activities; and 1987–2024 (present), when public spaces were developed in line with the city growth in terms of economy, tourism, and modern culture. In particular, the Khuang Luang area remains an important gathering spot for both traditions and public activities at the city level. These changes reflect the relationship between power, culture, and the way of life of people in each era. This article aims to analyze the roles of public spaces and Khuang Luang in Chiang Mai and propose guidelines for the restoration and development of these historically and culturally valuable public spaces to allow sustainable use in the modern era, and meaning for the urban community in the future.