Analysis of the different approaches effectiveness to the treatment of patients with obesity

Obesity is a global medical and social problem, as it causes cardiometabolic diseases and decreases the quality of life of patients. An up-to-date assessment of the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies aimed at weight loss and normalization of metabolic parameters is needed. Objective. To analyze current data on the impact of dietary, pharmacological, and psychological approaches on body weight change, metabolic parameters, and patient adherence to treatment. Materials and methods. The study included scientific publications on the results of clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published from 2019 to the present. Studies with a low level of evidence and small sample sizes were excluded. Results. The analysis showed that caloric restriction leads to a significant decrease in body weight in the short term, but the long-term effectiveness depends on patients’ adherence to lifestyle changes. Pharmacotherapy is highly effective in reducing body weight and improving metabolic parameters, but side effects should be managed. Psychological support, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, increases patient adherence and improves long-term outcomes, especially with integrated digital technologies. Conclusions. The optimal therapeutic strategy in treating obesity should be based on an integrated approach, including diet therapy, physical activity, pharmacological therapy, and psychological support.