Sensitive Detection of Heavy Metals by using Nano Sensor in Environmental Samples

One of the biggest problems facing mankind is the planned or unplanned discharge of harmful contaminants from many industrial sectors. In addition to being present in smaller amounts, most of these dangerous heavy metals also cause serious ecological problems. Therefore, the development of detection methods for the monitoring of these heavy metals is very important. Nanomaterial-based sensors have been used extensively in the detection of heavy metal ions. Recent developments in material science have revived this field and led to the emergence of precise nano sensors with a variety of designs and functions. Specifically, sensor production has employed semiconductors, noble metal nanoparticles, and porous nanomaterials in combination with analytical methods such as mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and fluorescence. Recent developments in heavy metal ion sensors based on nanomaterials are reviewed in this study, with an emphasis on their analytical capabilities, uses, and difficulties.