Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Responsible for Human Infections at the Dedougou Regional Hospital Center (RHC), Burkina Faso

Infections caused by bacteria that are increasingly resistant to antibiotics are a major global public health problem. This prospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria strains isolated from clinical samples collected at the Dedougou Regional Hospital Center (RHC). Bacteria were identified using conventional microbiology methods and then confirmed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the disk diffusion method on agar according to the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Microbiology Society. Of all the samples collected, 31.67% (95/300) of the cultures were positive. The analyses revealed that 56.84% (54/95) of urine samples, 25.26% (24/95) of pus samples, 13.68% (13/95) of vaginal samples, and 4.21% (4/95) of stools collected were positive. Identification of bacterial species shows that 58.95% (56/95) were Enterobacteriaceae (comprising 35.79% (34/95) Escherichia coli and 10.53% (10/95) Klebsiella sp.), 34.74% (33/95) cocci (comprising 30.53% (29/95) Staphylococcus sp.) and 6.31% (6/95) non-fermentative bacteria (4.21% (4/95) Acinetobacter baumannii and 2.11% (2/95) Pseudomonas aeruginosa). This study revealed a 55.79% (53/95) prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (19.64% (11/56) of ESBL among Enterobacteriaceae and 31.03% (9/29) MRSA among Staphylococcus sp.) with high resistance rates to beta-lactams and quinolones. Given these results, AMR surveillance needs to be stepped up. Public health efforts should focus on educating the population and healthcare professionals and promoting the correct and limited use of antibiotics to counteract the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.