Violence Hidden in Mutuality —A Critical Study of Beauvoir’s Ethical Thought

波伏瓦的伦理学以模糊性与相互性为核心，认为人是一种既有主体性又有客体性的模糊性的存在，因此自我与他者之间应该是一种相互承认的和谐共在关系。这种相互性并非仅是一种伦理愿景，在极端压迫下，波伏瓦承认暴力可以作为维护相互性的必要手段。波伏瓦将暴力反抗产生的新的他者视为伦理固有的失败，这种失败恰恰体现了相互性在伦理实践中的价值。Beauvoir’s ethics centers on ambiguity and mutuality, arguing that human beings are ambiguous beings with both subjectivity and objectivity, and that there should therefore be a mutually recognizable and harmonious coexistence between the self and the other. This mutuality is not just an ethical vision; under extreme oppression, Beauvoir recognizes that violence can be a necessary means of preserving mutuality. Beauvoir sees the new other produced by violent resistance as an inherent failure of ethics, a failure that exemplifies the value of mutuality in ethical practice.