Viewing the Nature of Human Beings from <i>The </i><i>Theses on Feuerbach</i>

人的本质问题乃是人学研究领域中一个具有根本性的议题。纵观哲学发展历程，唯有马克思主义哲学对此问题进行了科学而全面地解答。马克思批判性地继承了古希腊以来众多哲学思想家关于人的本质的思考，尤其是在康德、黑格尔以及费尔巴哈等德国古典哲学家的相关认识基础上，于《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中，通过对旧哲学的批判，科学地阐释了人的现实本质。马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中，以精炼的笔触凝结了他对费尔巴哈人本思想的深刻批判。这短短的十一条批判，蕴含着重要的学术价值，并且首次立足于实践探讨人与人的本质问题，从而科学地解答了人的问题，实现了人的本质思想的划时代的改革。本文写作包括四个部分，从写作背景、基本内容、历史地位以及当代价值去看马克思在《费尔巴哈的提纲》中对于人的本质的理解。The question of the nature of human beings is a fundamental issue in the field of anthropological research. Throughout the development of philosophy, only Marxist philosophy has provided a scientific and comprehensive answer to this question. Marx critically inherited the thinking of many philosophical thinkers on the nature of human beings since ancient Greece, especially on the basis of the relevant understanding of German classical philosophers such as Kant, Hegel and Feuerbach, and scientifically explained the realistic nature of human beings through the criticism of old philosophy in The Theses on Feuerbach. In The Theses on Feuerbach, Marx condensed his profound critique of Feuerbach’s humanistic thought with concise strokes. This short 11-point critique contains important academic value, and for the first time based on practice to explore the question of the nature of human beings, thus scientifically answering the questions of human beings and realizing the epoch-making reform of the idea of human nature. This article consists of four parts, from the background of the writing, the basic content, the historical status and the contemporary value to see Marx’s understanding of the nature of human beings in The Theses on Feuerbach.