An Observational Study on Pain Occurrence After Root Canal Treatment: Role of Operator Experience When Using a Bioceramic Sealer

<b>Background and objectives</b>: Post-operative pain (POP) is a common complication after root canal treatment and is influenced by various clinical and patient-related factors. The present study evaluated the incidence and intensity of POP following root canal treatment using a bioceramic sealer performed by operators with different levels of experience. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 115 patients were included in this prospective observational study. Patients were treated by operators with different levels of experience: postgraduate students (PGSs) and endodontic specialists (ESs). Standardized protocols were used in two distinct appointments: an instrumentation visit and an obturation visit. Obturation was performed using the continuous wave condensation technique and Total Fill Hi-Flow BC Sealer (TFHF). POP, mastication discomfort, and sleep disturbance were assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h after the instrumentation and obturation phases using a numeric rating scale (NRS). <b>Results</b>: The results indicate significantly higher POP after the instrumentation phase, compared to the obturation phase (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The pain intensity progressively decreased over time for both phases. No significant differences were observed between the PGS and ES groups regarding POP, mastication discomfort, or sleep disturbance at any time. Sealer extrusion did not significantly impact POP (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: This study found that operator experience does not significantly influence POP when a standardized protocol is followed. The use of TFHF with the continuous wave condensation technique was associated with minimal POP.