Analysis of civil law protection of personal data in the Russian Federation

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the civil law aspects of personal data protection in the Russian Federation in the context of the rapid development of digital technologies and the growth of the volume of information processed. The purpose of the study is to systematize the theoretical provisions and actual practical mechanisms of civil protection of the rights of personal data subjects, as well as to identify key problems and suggest ways to solve them. The tasks included studying the regulatory framework, comparing general and special protection methods, analyzing judicial practice and identifying regulatory gaps. The results obtained demonstrate that civil law protection is the most important, but still insufficiently effective tool in the general system of ensuring citizens’ rights in the field of personal data, requiring further strengthening of law enforcement practice, raising public awareness and harmonization with international standards. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive consideration of the interaction of general methods of protecting civil rights with the specifics of their application to a specific object – personal data, as well as in justifying the need to strengthen measures to compensate for moral damage and losses in the digital economy. The practical significance of the work consists in the formation of recommendations for improving legislation and law enforcement activities aimed at increasing the effectiveness of protecting the constitutional rights of citizens.