Analýza a výber batériových systémov pre nezávislú elektrickú trakciu v železničnej doprave

The increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability in rail transport is leading to a search for alternatives to conventional diesel rolling stock, especially on non-electrified or partially non-electrified local lines. Battery traction electric systems represent one of the prospective options, with their efficiency largely dependent on the choice of appropriate battery technology. Range optimization in this context means achieving the maximum possible distance a vehicle can travel on a single charge, considering weight, power and operating conditions, which tend to be variable during operation. An important aspect is also the analysis of the production and operating costs depending on the lifetime of the different battery types. In this paper, four main types of batteries usable in rail transport are compared - Li-ion (conventional lithium-ion), LiFePO₄ (LFP), Li-Titanate (LTO) and Lithium Polymer (Li-po). They are compared in terms of technical parameters (energy density, voltage, cycling life), cost effectiveness, safety and suitability for railway applications. The analysis also includes an assessment of the potential of sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries as a future alternative.