Navigating Indigenous Self-Government in Canada: The Case of Nunavut and the Struggle for Institutional Sovereignty

This study critically examines the evolution of Aboriginal self-government in Canada, with a particular focus on the case of Nunavut. Drawing from historical and contemporary perspectives, it explores the complex relationship between Indigenous self-determination, Canadian federalism, and socio-economic challenges. The analysis highlights the enduring struggle of Indigenous peoples to assert their sovereignty, despite federal intervention and economic dependency. The study evaluates key policy areas, such as language and education, and assesses their role in nation-building efforts within the Inuit governance model. While Nunavut’s self-government demonstrates significant autonomy in administrative and cultural affairs, financial reliance on the federal government raises questions about the extent of its sovereignty. Through comparative insights from other Indigenous governance structures and Quebec’s constitutional position, the paper argues that self-government can be strengthened through institutional capacity-building and expanded self-determination rights. Ultimately, it underscores the importance of land claims as a mechanism for enhancing institutional sovereignty without necessitating political secession from Canada.