The HSR Naples-Bari as a driver for sustainable rural development of the internal areas between Campania and Puglia.

The High-Speed Railway (HSR) line project between Naples and Bari “Na-Ba” in South of Italy started in the 2016. The infrastructure line is significant from an economic, commercial, and accessibility perspective since the HSR allows to connect the rural and inner areas of Campania and Puglia regions, enhancing the commuting in the cluster “Bari, Avellino, Benevento and Naples”. The railway line will also benefit the creation of a unique transportation and economic hub between Rome and Bari. The aim of this study is to enrich the literature on HSR with the case study of Naples-Bari, and to provide the first effects (even beneficial) of the HSR line for the rural or inland villages around the HSR line between Avellino and Bari. The effects analyzed are whether HSR can promote employment, economic growth, and among the environmental benefits, this study aims to analyze the relationship between HSR and emission reductions. The preliminary results of the HSR project highlight potential critical issues related to trade and employment. While the HSR can contribute to reducing emissions and improving accessibility, we advise project stakeholders to exercise caution during the project’s completion and operational phases to address these concerns effectively.