Efficiency of different options of the nutrition system concerning the influence on the cellulolytic activity of the soil and the accumulation of potato yield

The results of studies of the influence of individual elements of the potato fertilization system of different maturity groups on the cellulolytic activity of grey forestal surface-gleyed coarse-silty light loamy soils on loess-like parent material are presented. It was established that the decomposition of flax fabric depends on the content of available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and other trace elements in the soil. The rate of the decomposition process makes it possible to determine the general indicator of the microbiological activity of organisms in the soil. This indicates the participation of all transforming microorganisms in the decomposition processes. Cellulose, as a polysaccharide, leads to the formation of simple sugars during decomposition processes, which serve as the primary source of carbon in the environment. Cellulose chains, connected by hydrogen bonds, contain 44.4 % Carbon, 6.17 % Hydrogen and 49.4 % Oxygen. Cellulolytic organisms provide Carbon sources to increase soil fertility and maintain nutrient balance by accelerating residue decomposition processes. The lowest cellulolytic activity of flax decomposition was observed in the control variant, i.e., without using any fertilizers. It amounted to 46.2 and 49.8 %, respectively, for the early-ripening potato variety Slauta and the mid-ripening variety Lehenda. The most intensive decomposition of flax occurred in variants with the application of dry granulated chicken manure (0.5 t/ha) and biohumus fertilizer (4.0 t/ha). Accordingly, in the Slauta potato variety, these indicators were 70.4 and 71.5 % and exceeded the control variant by 22.4 and 23.8 %. For the mid-ripening potato variety Legend, when applying the above fertilizers, the excess over the control variant was 21.3 and 24.1 % and amounted to 71.2 and 73.9 % of cellulolytic activity, respectively.