Polarization insensitive quintuple plasmon-induced transparent multifunctional device based on graphene metamaterials

A single-layer graphene metamaterial has been designed to achieve a quintuple plasmon-induced transparency (QPIT), which consists of four short horizontal and vertical graphene stripes (SHVGS), two long horizontal graphene stripes (LHGS), and two long vertical graphene stripes (LVGS). The metamaterial is modeled and simulated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and validated through Coupled Mode Theory (CMT) to ensure the authenticity of the results. By dynamically adjusting the Fermi energy levels of graphene, we have engineered a decuple-frequency asynchronous photoelectric switch and a sextuple-frequency synchronous photoelectric switch. Both switches exhibit impressive performance, with amplitude modulation degrees (AMD) ranging from 74.5% to 95.2% and insertion losses between 5.14[Formula: see text]dB and 12.37[Formula: see text]dB. Additionally, the proposed metasurface demonstrates a sensitivity of 0.238[Formula: see text]THz/RIU. One of the critical features of this metamaterial is its polarization insensitivity, ensuring that the QPIT remains consistent for both x-polarized and y-polarized light. This characteristic allows the photoelectric switch to operate efficiently with linearly and circularly polarized light, regardless of orientation. These discoveries provide valuable insights for creating enhanced optoelectronic switches, sensors, and modulators, thereby contributing to future photonic technology advances.