Investigating the Relationship of Biomolecules in Acute Leukemia: A Study on the MDR1 Gene Expression and Cytokines

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer that affects the myeloid line of blood cells.It is the most prevalent type of acute leukemia in adults.This study aimed to provide insights into Iraqi patients diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).Methods: A total of 90 samples were included in the study,60 samples were from patients with AML and 30 were from healthy controls, both males and females, with ages ranging from (16-73 years).Peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients and healthy controls groups, patients of AML. from (March 2023 to December 2023).Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF- were estimated using an ELISA kit, and hematological parameters, such as RBC count, HB, HCT, platelets, and WBC count, were measured using (CBC) apparatus (HUMA COUNT30/Germany).The difference in MDR1 gene expression between patients with acute myeloid leukemia and healthy individuals was investigated.MDR1 expression was measured after extraction of total RNA at various concentrations, and gene expression was used to calculate the double Ct value to assess MDR1 expression in the presence of GAPDH as a reference gene.Results: IL-6, IL-10, and TNF- levels were significantly higher in newly diagnosed and relapsed patients with AML than those in the control group, and their levels decreased in patientswith AML responded to the chemotherapy.However, the results showed a significant decrease in RBC count, percentage of Hb and HCT and Platelets in newly diagnosed patients compared with the treated and healthy control groups, while a significant increase in WBC count of newly diagnosed and treated leukemia was comparable to that of the healthy control group.Based on statistical analysis of gene expression folding (2-Ct) indicated that there was a significant decrease in the gene expression of MDR1 in Leukemia patients treated (0.6447) compared to the results of the gene expression in the MDR1 in other two groups, leukemia patients (without treatment) and the healthy control group (1.1401) (1.3585, respectively).Conclusion: Immunological parameters, CBC, and significant differences in MDR1 gene expression are important indicators of the severity and treatment response of patients with AML.