Microcalcification on Mammography as Bone Metastasis Parameter

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role of mammographic microcalcification as an indicator for the occurrence of bone metastasis and to identify associated influencing factors.Patients and Methods: A case-control study was conducted using data from breast cancer patients who sought treatment at the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital between June 2019 and June 2021.The case group included breast cancer patients with bone metastasis.On the other hand, the control group consisted of individuals who did not have bone metastasis determined by x-ray, Computed Tomography (CT) scan, and bone scan.Mammography was used to show the presence of microcalcification.Following that, univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out.Results: Eighty-one patients were enrolled in this study.The cohort predominantly comprised individuals over 50 years of age (56.8%), with a body mass index (BMI) below 30 (86.4%), who were premenopausal (76.5%), and presented with advanced disease stages (71.6%).Most patients had Non-Special Type (NST) histopathology criteria (70.4%) and luminal B subtype of breast cancer (58%).Among all study subjects, 25 patients had bone metastasis.There was a significant association between the advanced stage and microcalcification (OR 3.740; 95%CI 1.288-10.860;p 0.024).The advanced stage (OR 6.900; 95% CI 1.475-32.278;p 0.014) and microcalcification (OR 3.284; 95% CI 1.212-8.899;p 0.032) were also significantly associated with bone metastasis. Conclusion:The presence of microcalcification is associated with bone metastasis occurrence.Also, the advanced stage is associated with microcalcification and bone metastasis.