Research on EV Demand Response Pricing Mechanism Based on Capacity-Energy Dual-Dimensional Compensation

With the continuous increase in electricity demand and the persistent rise in peak-load consumption in China, the large-scale growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has not only intensified grid balancing pressures but also highlighted their potential as flexible demand-side regulation resources. This paper proposes a dual-dimensional compensation-based pricing mechanism for electric vehicle demand response, addressing the critical challenge of pricing coordinated EV charging in demand response programs. Firstly, a fixed capacity compensation price based on EV users' upgrade and retrofit costs and electricity-right concession losses is designed to ensure long-term participation stability. Secondly, a dynamic energy compensation price is formulated according to the actual responses quantities of the users. A collaborative optimization model was established to determine the optimal allocation ratio between the two compensation components. Simulation results demonstrate that this mechanism balances user incentives and grid stability through a hybrid system of long-term fixed compensation and short-term dynamic compensation, offering a theoretical innovation for incentive mechanisms targeting demand-side resources in next-generation power systems.