Cyber Vulnerability and Impact Analysis for Active Distribution Grids Using Real-Time CPPS Testbed

This paper presents a cybersecurity analysis frame-work leveraging a proposed Cyber-Physical Power System (CPPS) testbed. The testbed includes grid simulator, commercially available EXata CPS cyber emulator and SEL Real-Time Automation Controller (RTAC). The OPAL-RT digital simulator enables real-time execution of physical power grid as well as cyber network for synchronized operation that allows the simulation of real-time cyber intrusion. The controlled testbed environment facilitates vulnerability assessments of electricity grid operating under cyber threats, enabling impact analysis and the development of advanced cybersecurity solutions. To accurately evaluate the effects of various cyber attacks, the modified IEEE 13-node test feeder is modeled in RT-LAB using the ARTEMiS solver. Cyber attacks are launched from the cyber layer using the built-in real-time attack capabilities of EXata CPS. Specifically, three False-Data Injection (FDI) attack scenarios targeting grid-edge Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) inverter and system topology are examined to demonstrate the effectiveness of testbed. This study highlights vulnerabilities in active distribution systems and their potential impacts, contributing to the development of enhanced mitigation strategies and increased grid resilience.